Ο δήμος του Εδιμβούργου (πρωτεύουσα της Σκωτίας - όταν γίνει ανεξάρτητη χώρα) προχώρησε ίσως στην πιο εκτεταμένη στον κόσμο επιβολή ορίου ταχύτητας 30 χλμ/ώρα. Για την ακρίβεια περίπου 34 χλμ/ώρα γιατί εκεί έχουν τα μίλια και το όριο είναι 20 μίλια.ώρα (για αυτό το λόγο και το σήμα είναι σαν το παρακάτω:
Το όριο επιβλήθηκε στο 80% του οδικού δικτύου της πόλης συμπεριλαμβανομένου ΟΛΟΥ του κέντρου. Ορισμένες σημαντικές αρτηρίες θα έχουν όριο 30 και 40 μίλια/ώρα, όσο έχουν και σήμερα.
Το μέτρο έχει την υποστήριξη του 60% των κατοίκων. Υπήρξε αντίδραση από οδηγούς με προεξάρχοντας τους οδηγούς ταξί. Ο δήμος έχει απαντήσει με μια σειρά από κείμενα βασισμένα σε έρευνες. Το πόρταλ για το μέτρο εδώ. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον έχει ένα που απαντάει στους μύθους περί των επιπτώσεων της μείωσης του ορίου ταχύτητας. Παρακάτω απόσπασμα για μερικά ενδιαφέροντα στοιχεία:
Myth 2: Safety won't be improved by lowering speed limits
There is considerable evidence in support of reducing speed limits in urban areas. A 2010 Department for Transport (DfT) publication which looked at the relationship between speed and risk of fatal injury found that the risk of fatal injury to pedestrians rose from under 1% at an impact speed of 20mph to 5.5%, or 1 in 20, at 30mph (1). Above 30mph risk increased very substantially, to over 30% at an impact speed of 40mph.
A different large scale study looking at the effect of speeds on overall accident numbers found a clear relationship. On the types of urban road likely to be considered for a 20mph limit the study found the accidents could be expected to fall by between 4% and 6% for each 1mph reduction in average speed. The greatest reductions were achievable on “busy main roads in towns with high levels of pedestrian activity” (2)
Other cities that have introduced 20mph speed limits have seen reductions in casualties. For example in Portsmouth it is estimated that 20mph limits have lowered road casualties by 8%, while in Warrington there has been a reduction in collisions of 25% in 20mph speed limit areas; Evidence from the South Edinburgh pilot area also points to a reduction in casualties (20% to January 2014).
References
http://assets.dft.gov.uk/publications/pgr-roadsafety-research-rsrr-theme5-researchreport16-pdf/rswp116.pdf (external link)
Taylor, M. C., Lynam, D. A. and Baruya, A. (2000) The effects of drivers’ speed on the frequency of road accidents.
Myth 3: Slower speeds will increase congestion
We do not anticipate an increase in congestion. In fact, research indicates that vehicles flow more smoothly through junctions at slower speeds.
Myth 4: Slower speeds will increase emissions and worsen air quality
Research indicates vehicles flow more smoothly through junctions at slower speeds. Additionally, as a result of reduced acceleration and braking, 20mph may help to reduce fuel consumption and associated emissions.
Some environmental benefit from the change is expected from helping to unlock the potential for walking or cycling short distances instead of driving.
Myth 8: Journey times will be much longer
Research in other cities, surveys of current speeds, and results of the pilot project in Edinburgh, suggest that journey times will not significantly increase and by easing traffic flow, 20mph may actually reduce some journey times.
We would expect changes not exceeding around 25 seconds per mile, probably significantly lower (around 10 seconds per mile has been found in central parts of Bristol where a limit has now been introduced) . We will be carrying out more research on this matter in Edinburgh and will post the results on the Council's website.
Myth 10: This is an attack on motorists
We are not stopping people from driving. Our aim is to balance the needs of drivers with the safety and environment of local residents. 20 mph creates a safer environment for everyone, including motorists.
The proposals are for a network of 20mph streets chiefly in residential and shopping areas, complemented by a network of 30 and 40mph roads on key arterial routes in the city suburbs to keep traffic moving.
Slower speeds will not significantly increase journey times and by easing traffic flow, may actually reduce some journey times.
Το όριο επιβλήθηκε στο 80% του οδικού δικτύου της πόλης συμπεριλαμβανομένου ΟΛΟΥ του κέντρου. Ορισμένες σημαντικές αρτηρίες θα έχουν όριο 30 και 40 μίλια/ώρα, όσο έχουν και σήμερα.
Το μέτρο έχει την υποστήριξη του 60% των κατοίκων. Υπήρξε αντίδραση από οδηγούς με προεξάρχοντας τους οδηγούς ταξί. Ο δήμος έχει απαντήσει με μια σειρά από κείμενα βασισμένα σε έρευνες. Το πόρταλ για το μέτρο εδώ. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον έχει ένα που απαντάει στους μύθους περί των επιπτώσεων της μείωσης του ορίου ταχύτητας. Παρακάτω απόσπασμα για μερικά ενδιαφέροντα στοιχεία:
Myth 2: Safety won't be improved by lowering speed limits
There is considerable evidence in support of reducing speed limits in urban areas. A 2010 Department for Transport (DfT) publication which looked at the relationship between speed and risk of fatal injury found that the risk of fatal injury to pedestrians rose from under 1% at an impact speed of 20mph to 5.5%, or 1 in 20, at 30mph (1). Above 30mph risk increased very substantially, to over 30% at an impact speed of 40mph.
A different large scale study looking at the effect of speeds on overall accident numbers found a clear relationship. On the types of urban road likely to be considered for a 20mph limit the study found the accidents could be expected to fall by between 4% and 6% for each 1mph reduction in average speed. The greatest reductions were achievable on “busy main roads in towns with high levels of pedestrian activity” (2)
Other cities that have introduced 20mph speed limits have seen reductions in casualties. For example in Portsmouth it is estimated that 20mph limits have lowered road casualties by 8%, while in Warrington there has been a reduction in collisions of 25% in 20mph speed limit areas; Evidence from the South Edinburgh pilot area also points to a reduction in casualties (20% to January 2014).
References
http://assets.dft.gov.uk/publications/pgr-roadsafety-research-rsrr-theme5-researchreport16-pdf/rswp116.pdf (external link)
Taylor, M. C., Lynam, D. A. and Baruya, A. (2000) The effects of drivers’ speed on the frequency of road accidents.
Myth 3: Slower speeds will increase congestion
We do not anticipate an increase in congestion. In fact, research indicates that vehicles flow more smoothly through junctions at slower speeds.
Myth 4: Slower speeds will increase emissions and worsen air quality
Research indicates vehicles flow more smoothly through junctions at slower speeds. Additionally, as a result of reduced acceleration and braking, 20mph may help to reduce fuel consumption and associated emissions.
Some environmental benefit from the change is expected from helping to unlock the potential for walking or cycling short distances instead of driving.
Myth 8: Journey times will be much longer
Research in other cities, surveys of current speeds, and results of the pilot project in Edinburgh, suggest that journey times will not significantly increase and by easing traffic flow, 20mph may actually reduce some journey times.
We would expect changes not exceeding around 25 seconds per mile, probably significantly lower (around 10 seconds per mile has been found in central parts of Bristol where a limit has now been introduced) . We will be carrying out more research on this matter in Edinburgh and will post the results on the Council's website.
Myth 10: This is an attack on motorists
We are not stopping people from driving. Our aim is to balance the needs of drivers with the safety and environment of local residents. 20 mph creates a safer environment for everyone, including motorists.
The proposals are for a network of 20mph streets chiefly in residential and shopping areas, complemented by a network of 30 and 40mph roads on key arterial routes in the city suburbs to keep traffic moving.
Slower speeds will not significantly increase journey times and by easing traffic flow, may actually reduce some journey times.
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